What is Calpa Absanse Epilepsy?
Calpa absense epilepsy (absences) is one of the most common types of seizures in children and adolescents, diagnosed for the first time every year in 6–13 children per 100,000 children (up to 16 years of age). Absansy make up 50% of cases of all generalized forms of epilepsy. Picnolepsy accounts for 8–10% of all epilepsy.
Causes of Calp Absanse Epilepsy
Calpa absence epilepsy has a pronounced genetic predisposition in normal in all other respects children. More common in girls – about 1.5-2 times.
Symptoms of Absanna Epilepsy Calpa
The age of onset of development of absence epilepsy Calpa5-8-10 years.
Attacks – simple (typical and atypical) absences, usually serial and can be extremely frequent – up to 50 or more per day. They begin suddenly, without precursors, by briefly turning off the consciousness and also suddenly end. After a seizure, there are no traces of mental disorders, patients continue the started activity. Simple absans are found in about a quarter of cases, seconds last with a so-called “empty stare”, often upward. Often the seizures are accompanied by frequent flashing of the eyelids, retropulsion of the head (complex absences). Complicated absences are more characteristic and are accompanied by minimal motor (tonic – 50%, myoclonic – 38%, atonic – in isolated cases, with automatism – 37%), as well as the vegetative component (5%) and even focal phenomena (12%). One patient may experience different types of absences. About a third of patients have abscesses combined with large generalized convulsive seizures during wakefulness. In 7–24% of cases, the status of absences (peak-wave stupor) develops in pyknolepsy.
Attacks can be provoked by intense mental work or, on the contrary, by a state of “boredom”, sleep deprivation, photostimulation, and in almost 100% of cases – by hyperventilation. Impaired cognitive function may result from improper treatment (barbiturates).
Mind: intellectual deficiency is observed in no more than 5% of children with pycnelepsy and most often with atypical absences. Approximately 25% of cases have hyperactivity and attention deficit.
Neurological status is usually normal.
Diagnosis of Calpe Absanse Epilepsy
The basis for the diagnosis are the nature of the attacks, specified etiological factors and EEG data.
According to EEG data, the frequency of detection of typical absence activity in the interictal period is up to 85%. The most typical pattern is flashes of generalized high-amplitude peak-wave activity with a frequency of 3 per second. Characterized by the sudden occurrence of the discharge and a smoother termination. Hyperventilation easily provokes paroxysmal activity and serves as a good criterion for the adequacy of therapy.
Differential diagnostics
It is carried out with other forms of epilepsy, accompanied by absences. Juvenile epileptic absans allows to differentiate the age aspect of the onset of attacks. With complex absansa – with epilepsy with myoclonic seizures. An important role in differential diagnosis is played by EEG data – the correlation of attacks with a typical picture of absence activity.
Forecast
Considered favorable for the outcome and outcome of pyknolepsy currently considered differently. The statement that the attacks disappear closer to the period of puberty is confirmed only in 60% of cases. In some patients, the seizures are only reduced, take a different form, or generalized convulsive seizures join. Full therapeutic remission is achieved in 80% of cases. With early treatment and adequate therapy, the prognosis is more favorable.
Treatment of Absania Epilepsy Calp
Currently, the drug of choice is Valproate. The use of ethosuximide (suksilep) in monotherapy does not prevent the development of GTCS. A combination of these drugs is possible. The combination of a syrup with barbiturates dramatically increases the incidence of cognitive and behavioral disorders. Carbamazepine usually contributes to increased absences, and therefore is sometimes used as a kind of test for diagnostic purposes. The use of barbiturates leads to the development of absences resistance to other basic drugs.
Treatment should be carried out before puberty.
A typical absans is a primary generalized discharge of high-amplitude peak-wave complexes with a frequency of 3 per second. (Reduced 4 times.). Child 7 years old